Abstract The objective of this work is the investigation of a polygeneration system which is driven by solar energy and a biomass boiler. Parabolic trough solar collectors coupled to a storage tank are used in order to produce useful heat at high-temperature levels (∼350 °C). The system includes an organic Rankine cycle and a vapor compression cycle in order for electricity and cooling to be produced respectively. Moreover, useful heat is produced at two temperatures levels (50 °C and 150 °C) and so there are totally four useful energy outputs. The system is optimized in steady-state conditions and then the most suitable design is investigated in dynamic conditions for all the year period. According to the final results, the yearly energetic efficiency of the system is 51.26% while the yearly exergetic efficiency is 21.77%. The net present value is found 165.6 k€, the payback period 5.13 years, the internal rate of return 21.26%, while the yearly CO2 avoidance to 125 tn. Finally, the results of this work indicate that the suggested configuration can provide various useful outputs with high efficiency and the total investment is characterized as viable due to the suitable financial index values.