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Energy Conversion and Management
Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Comparative global warming impact and NOX emissions of conventional and hydrogen automotive propulsion systems

Authors: Ricardo Novella; Santiago Molina; M. Lopez-Juarez; José M. Desantes;

Comparative global warming impact and NOX emissions of conventional and hydrogen automotive propulsion systems

Abstract

[EN] With the rise of cleaner technologies for transport and the emergence of H-2 as a fuel, most of the emissions in the well-to-wheel process are shifting towards the energy carrier production (fuel or electricity). The objective of this study is to perform a simplified cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that compares the greenhouse gases (GHG) and NOX emissions of H-2, electric and conventional technologies for the automotive sector in Europe and to devise the optimum strategy of vehicle fleet renewal to reduce the emissions. In this study the effect of water as GHG was considered and, unless other studies, the current European energy mix and that meeting the objectives for 2050 were considered (while technology level was kept constant) since H-2 from electrolysis and electric vehicles' well-to-wheel emissions are sensitive to the energy mix. To estimate the emissions, the fuel, vehicle production and operation cycles were considered independently for each technology and then put together. For H-2, the best production and distribution strategy was steam methane reforming (SMR) with CO2 sequestration for GHG-100 gases and without capturing CO2 for NOX, both with central plant production and tube trailer transport. Fuel cell vehicles (FCV) with optimum H-2 production always produce the lowest GHG-100 emissions and slightly higher NOX than battery electric vehicles (BEV) in the EU 2050 scenario. In contrast, HICEV would need to reach a fuel consumption of around 30 kWh/100 km to be competitive in emissions against BEV, for that, direct injection (DI) combined with a range extender (REx) hybrid architecture is the recommended powerplant concept. Finally, the optimum strategy to reduce emissions that Europe could follow is presented for the short, mid and long term. This research has been partially funded by FEDER and the Spanish Government through project RTI2018-102025-B-I00 (CLEAN-FUEL).

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Keywords

Electric vehicles, LCA, Fuel cell, MAQUINAS Y MOTORES TERMICOS, Hybrid vehicles, Hydrogen, HICE

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citations
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BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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