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Energy Conversion and Management
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Energy Conversion and Management
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Predicting reverse electrodialysis performance in the presence of divalent ions for renewable energy generation

Authors: Pintossi, Diego; Simões, Catarina; Saakes, Michel; Borneman, Zandrie; Nijmeijer, Kitty;

Predicting reverse electrodialysis performance in the presence of divalent ions for renewable energy generation

Abstract

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an electro-membrane process to harvest renewable energy from salinity gradients. RED process models have been developed in the past, but they mostly assume that only NaCl is present in the feedwaters, which results in unrealistically high predictions. In the present work, an existing simple model is extended to accommodate the presence of magnesium ions and sulfate in the feedwaters, and potentially even more complex mixtures. All power loss mechanisms deriving from the presence of multivalent ions are included in the new model: increased membrane electrical resistance, uphill transport of multivalent ions from the river to the seawater compartment, and membrane permselectivity loss. This new model is validated with experimental and literature data of membrane electrical resistance (at 10 mol. % MgCl2 for the CEMs and 25 mol. % Na2SO4 for the AEMs), RED stack performance (up to 50 mol. % MgCl2 or Na2SO4 in the feedwaters), and ion transport (at 10 mol. % MgCl2 or Na2SO4 in the feedwaters) showing very good agreement between model predictions and experimental data. Finally, we showed that the developed model not only describes experimental data but can also predict RED performances under a variety of conditions and cross-flow configurations (single-stage with and without electrode segmentation, multi-stage in co-current and counter-current mode) and feedwater compositions (only NaCl, with Na2SO4, with MgCl2, and with MgSO4). It thus provides a very valuable tool to design and evaluate RED process systems.

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

Reverse electrodialysis, Uphill transport, Magnesium, Fouling, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Sulfate, SDG 7 – Betaalbare en schone energie, Model

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
29
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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