Poplars are economically important tree crops and biologically important model plants, which are known to be sensitive to ozone (O3). Although surface O3 is considered as a significant global environmental issue because of its phytotoxicity and greenhouse effect, the knowledge of the dose-response (DR) relationships in poplars for the assessment of O3 risk is still limited. Hence, this study aimed at collecting data of studies with manipulative O3 exposures of poplars within FACE (Free Air Concentration Enhancement) and OTC (Open-Top Chamber) facilities. The datasets contain studies on hybrid poplar clones and a non-hybrid native poplar (Populus nigra L.) reporting both AOT40 (Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of 40 ppb) and POD1 (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold of 1 nmol m-2 Projected Leaf Area [PLA] s-1) to compare exposure- and flux-based indices. As a result, linear regression analysis showed that the flux-based POD1 was better than the exposure-based AOT40 to explain the biomass response of poplars to O3. From the DR relationships, a critical level (CL) of 5.7 mmol m-2 POD1 has been derived corresponding to 4% biomass growth reduction for hybrid poplar clones, which can be considered very sensitive to O3, while the non-hybrid native poplar was less sensitive to O3 (CL: 10.3 mmol m-2 POD1), although the potential risk of O3 for this taxon is still high due to very high stomatal conductance. Moreover, the different experimental settings (OTC vs. FACE) have affected the AOT40-based DR relationships but not the POD1-based DR relationships, suggesting that poplar responses to O3 were principally explained by stomatal O3 uptake regardless of the different experimental settings and exposure patterns. These results highlight the importance of the flux-based approach, especially when scaling up from experimental datasets to the O3 risk assessment for poplars at the regional or global scale.