Abstract Microgrids are known to be one of the most effective forms of decentralized energy systems, mainly because of their ability to run independently of the central grid and efficiently integrate a number of distributed energy resources. In terms of a country-wise microgrid market, the United States has the highest capacity share in the world. However, within the country, significant variation exists in the adoption of microgrids by the states. In this context, this paper presents an empirical analysis of the drivers behind high and low microgrid adoption in states across the United States. The results illustrate that the states that frequently experience disasters, and hence have high resilience concerns are more likely to adopt microgrids. On the other hand, higher citizen support for energy choice and pro-environmental attitudes of citizens do not have statistically significant effects on microgrid adoption. By examining the determinants of microgrid adoption in states, this paper provides a basis for understanding the socio-political foundations of the trend of decentralization in the energy system.