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Heliyon
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
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Heliyon
Article . 2023
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Irreversibility analysis of radiative flow of Prandtl nanofluid over a stretched surface in Darcy-Forchheimer medium with activation energy and chemical reaction

Authors: Syed Sohaib Zafar; Umair Khan; Farhan Ali; Sayed M. Eldin; Abdulkafi Mohammed Saeed; Aurang Zaib; Ahmed M. Galal;

Irreversibility analysis of radiative flow of Prandtl nanofluid over a stretched surface in Darcy-Forchheimer medium with activation energy and chemical reaction

Abstract

This communication elaborates the irreversibility analysis of the flow of Prandtl nanofluid along with thermal radiation past a permeable stretched surface embedded in a Darcy-Forchheimer medium. The activation and chemical impressions along with effects of thermophoretic and Brownian motion are as well examined. The flow symmetry of the problem is modeled mathematically and leading equations are rehabilitated into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the assistance of suitable similarity variables. The Keller-box technique in MATLAB is employed to draw the impacts of the contributing elements on the velocity field, temperature distribution, and concentration. The impact of the Prandtl fluid parameter has mounting performance for the velocity whereas conflicting behavior is examined in the temperature profile. The achieved numerical results are matched correspondingly with the present symmetrical solutions in restrictive cases and fantastic agreement is scrutinized. In addition, the entropy generation uplifts for the growing values of the Prandtl fluid parameter, thermal radiation, and Brinkman number and decreases for growing numbers of the inertia coefficient parameter. It is also discovered that the coefficient of friction decreases for all parameters involved in the momentum equation. Features of nanofluids can be found in a variety of real-world fields, including microfluidics, industry, transportation, the military, and medicine.

Keywords

Social sciences (General), H1-99, Q1-390, Science (General), Darcy-Forchheimer, Thermal radiation, Activation energy, Nanofluid, Prandtl fluid, Chemical reaction

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
12
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold
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