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The effect of size on efficiency: Power plants and vascular designs

Abstract In this paper we use thermodynamics to show why larger flow systems are more efficient than smaller flow systems. This trend is visible across the board, from power generation and refrigeration, to vascular design and animal design. The reason is that larger systems have larger flow passages and heat transfer surfaces, and do not strangle the flow of the currents that must flow. Three fundamental examples show how to predict this trend: a power plant with fluid friction and finite heat transfer area, a vascular body with building blocks optimized at every level of assembly, and a vascular body designed based on a duct-pairing algorithm. The examples show that the performance improves as the size increases, and that the architecture changes with the size. These constructal-design features constitute the basis for scaling up and scaling down the configurations of flow systems, from desktop models to life size installations.
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Saudi Arabia
- Duke University United States
- University of Toulouse France
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Saudi Arabia
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).36 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
