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Trigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint , Journal 01 Jan 2010Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2011 Australia, Australia, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Italy, Spain, Italy, Italy, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Croatia, Croatia, Italy, Croatia, Netherlands, Italy, Netherlands, Netherlands, Italy Publisher:Elsevier BVJournal:Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, volume 613, pages 29-39 (issn: 0168-9002,

Authors: P. Abreu; Rossella Caruso; Rossella Caruso; Azadeh Keivani; E. Moreno; E. D. Fraenkel; G. Wieczorek; +193 Authors

P. Abreu; Rossella Caruso; Rossella Caruso; Azadeh Keivani; E. Moreno; E. D. Fraenkel; G. Wieczorek; R. A. Vázquez; Alberto Filevich; B. Wundheiler; B. J. Whelan; G. Medina-Tanco; M. Prouza; D. H. Koang; C. Robledo; B. Tome; Y. Petrov; M. Ambrosio; M. Ambrosio; R. Knapik; J. R. T. de Mello Neto; A. Curutiu; J. Stasielak; A. Chou; A. Chou; G. Farrar; Maria Giller; M. De Domenico; M. De Domenico; V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja; Corinne Berat; Peter Buchholz; S. Mueller; Julien Aublin; Julien Aublin; S. Harmsma; W. Fulgione; W. Fulgione; M. Kaducak; P. Bauleo; M. Unger; B. Revenu; Xavier Bertou; M. Blanco; J. R. Vázquez; Graciela B. Gelmini; Vincent Marin; A. Chiavassa; A. Chiavassa; W. J. M. de Mello Junior; Christopher Morris; J. Schovancova; A. Tamashiro; N. Nierstenhoefer; A. D. Supanitsky; Vasiliki Pavlidou; W. Tkaczyk; M. Kleifges; J. W. Cronin; Sergio Sciutto; Sergio Sciutto; A. Filipcic; A. Filipcic; A. Haungs; O. Martínez Bravo; A. Segreto; J. Coppens; Ingomar Allekotte; Olivier Ravel; S. R. Gozzini; J. Rautenberg; R. Mussa; R. Mussa; G. De La Vega; I. M. Pepe; C. Lachaud; L. del Peral; Martin Erdmann; A. Menshikov; Michael DuVernois; Lisa M. Goggin; R. Cester; R. Cester; A. Krieger; J. Parrisius; Silvia Mollerach; Arnulfo Zepeda; T. Rossler; J. Pallotta; C. J. Todero Peixoto; L. Villaseñor; Dusan Mandat; D. Tcherniakhovski; M. S. Sutherland; Pham Ngoc Diep; G. Matthiae; G. Matthiae; Pietro Oliva; A. Gorgi; A. Gorgi; Richard Dallier; Corbin Covault; Hernán Asorey; P. Gouffon; P. H. Kasper; R. Squartini; Fred Sarazin; X. Garrido; X. Garrido; Pierre Billoir; Pierre Billoir; P. Schiffer; H. Wilczyński; D. Maurizio; D. Maurizio; E. Menichetti; E. Menichetti; A. Dorofeev; Enrique Zas; Mario Scuderi; Mario Scuderi; M. Monasor; Sofia Andringa; Serguei Vorobiov; John G. Lee; Gualberto Avila; O. Wainberg; D. Zavrtanik; D. Zavrtanik; I. Rodriguez-Cabo; Brian Fick; Piotr Homola; T. Yamamoto; D. Melo; D. Melo; A. Criss; Darko Veberič; Darko Veberič; I. Lhenry-Yvon; H. Bluemer; R. Pesce; D. García Gámez; M. I. Micheletti; S. Jiraskova; German Ros; A. Della Selva; A. Della Selva; Carola Dobrigkeit; Paul Sommers; H. Glass; N. Scharf; Subir Sarkar; Jeffrey Brack; C. Riviere; V. de Souza; D. Lebrun; G. Marsella; G. Marsella; J. Petrovic; A. Lucero; A. Lucero; F. Kuehn; J. L. Navarro; K. D. de Vries; T. Antičić; Olaf Scholten; A. C. Rovero; B. Wilczynska; Bruce R. Dawson; Maria-Teresa Dova; Maria-Teresa Dova; C. E. Fracchiolla; B. R. Becker; Marco Iarlori; A. Cordier; T. Paul; T. Schmidt; Tonia M. Venters; T. Tarutina; T. Tarutina; J. Chauvin; F. Salamida; T. Bergmann; Sergio Pastor; S. Dagoret-Campagne; Martina Bohacova; L. Nozka; M. J. Cooper; A. Tapia; D. Schuster; Germano Guedes; C. Delle Fratte; C. Delle Fratte; Humberto Ibarguen Salazar; Jan Pękala; P. Necesal; T. Suomijärvi; Marco Aglietta; Marco Aglietta; Domenico Tegolo;

Trigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

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Abstract

The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidate showers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above $3\times 10^{18}$ eV, for all zenith angles between 0$^\circ$ and 60$^\circ$, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In these range of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance.

29 pages, 12 figures

Countries

Australia, Australia, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Italy, Spain, Italy, Italy, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Croatia, Croatia, Italy, Croatia, Netherlands, Italy, Netherlands, Netherlands, Italy

Related Organizations

Grenoble Alpes University
France
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
University of Leeds
United Kingdom
French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation
France
University of Salento
Italy

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Keywords

Particles., Ultra high energy cosmic rays; Auger Observatory; Extensive air showers; Trigger; Exposure, Astronomy, Air showers, info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530, Auger Observatory; Exposure; Extensive air showers; Trigger; Ultra high energy cosmic rays, Physics, ddc:530, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Pierre Auger Observatory, Cosmic Rays, High-Energy Cosmi Rays; Pierre Auger Observatory; Surface Detector; Acceptance and Trigger Efficiency, High energy, [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe/Astrophysics/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic, Física nuclear, Extensive airshowers, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 539.1, AIR SHOWERS, FOS: Physical sciences, 530, Exposure, [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Extensive air showers, PARTICLES, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Física, Ultra high energy cosmic rays, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, 2207 Física Atómica y Nuclear, 620, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Trigger, [PHYS.ASTR.IM] Physics/Astrophysics/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic, Auger Observatory, Experimental High Energy Physics, Cosmic Rays; Auger Observatory; High energy, [ PHYS.ASTR.IM ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [PHYS.ASTR.IM] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Ultra highenergycosmicrays, astro-ph.IM

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