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Nuclear Materials and Energy
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Nuclear Materials and Energy
Article . 2024
Data sources: DOAJ
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Exposure of tungsten heavy alloys at high thermal loads in LHD

Authors: Chandra Prakash Dhard; Suguru Masuzaki; Dirk Naujoks; Rudolf Neu; Daisuke Nagata; Mikhail Khokhlov;

Exposure of tungsten heavy alloys at high thermal loads in LHD

Abstract

Tungsten has been considered a plasma-facing material in a future fusion reactor because of its low sputtering yield and low fuel retention. It has been examined in several tokamaks. In stellarators, it has recently been used for some plasma-facing components. However, in addition to its high cost, W is difficult to machine due to its hardness and brittleness and therefore alternative materials in the form of tungsten heavy alloys are being investigated and some tests have already been performed in the ASDEX upgrade [1]. WNiFe materials are magnetic, but since magnetization saturates at ∼ 2 Tesla for W97NiFe [1], these could also be investigated for use in stellarators. Samples were prepared from pure W, W95NiCu, W97NiFe and W95NiFe alloys. The samples were exposed in the Large Helical Device (LHD) stellarator during three recent operation campaigns. The samples were inserted by means of the divertor manipulator at the positions of the strike line under H-, D- and He plasma conditions. These experiments were designed to test the samples at high thermal loads by adjusting the exposure conditions to achieve sample temperatures above, around and below the melting temperatures of Ni, Fe and Cu. During some of these exposures, although the temperatures reached above the melting limit, resulting in segregation of Ni, Fe and Cu and partial release of alloying materials, normal plasma operation continued without any radiative collapse. Scanning electron microscopy with focused ion beam (SEM/FIB), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) measurements confirmed the observed change in surface morphology.

Keywords

WNiCu, TK9001-9401, Tungsten, Plasma-material interaction, Tungsten heavy alloys, WNiFe, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
gold
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Energy Research