Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Next Energyarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Next Energy
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Next Energy
Article . 2025
Data sources: DOAJ
versions View all 2 versions
addClaim

This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

You have already added 0 works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.

Lead iodide thin films deposited by sputtering: The effect of deposition temperature on the optical and structural properties

Authors: José Maria Clemente da Silva Filho; Nelson Fabian Villegas Borrero; Andreia de Morais; Jilian Nei de Freitas; Francisco das Chagas Marques;

Lead iodide thin films deposited by sputtering: The effect of deposition temperature on the optical and structural properties

Abstract

Lead iodide (PbI2) is a 2D layered semiconductor used in several electronic applications, such as solar cells, X-ray, and gamma-ray detectors. Most of its properties have been reported for monocrystals or polycrystalline thick films used in high-energy photon detectors. As for thin films used in other optoelectronic devices, the reported properties are limited to the conditions adopted in manufacturing the devices. Furthermore, very little is known about the properties of films deposited by sputtering. Here, we investigate the optical and structural properties of PbI2 thin films deposited by rf-sputtering a PbI2 target. The deposition temperature significantly influences the film's properties, as determined by X-ray, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis, and Raman spectroscopy. A common characteristic at all temperatures was forming metallic lead (Pb) segregated in the surface of films, with concentration depending on the deposition temperature. These lead clusters were successfully converted into PbI2 using an iodination process, allowing the synthesis of pure PbI2 films without lead segregation. The activation energy for the reaction between Pb clusters and iodine vapor was determined by adopting the Arrhenius equation. It was also observed that converting PbI2 film into perovskite through the two-step process, by immersion of the PbI2 film into methylammonium iodide solution, transforms the segregated lead into perovskite. The sputtering technique allows the deposition of uniform films over large areas compatible with roll-to-roll processes, which are desired to produce large-area detectors and perovskite solar cells.

Keywords

Thin films, TJ807-830, Optical and structural properties, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, Renewable energy sources, HD9502-9502.5, Lead iodide

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold
Related to Research communities
Energy Research