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Detecting ecological signatures of long-term human activity across an elevational gradient in the Šumava Mountains, Central Europe

Authors: Kraklow, Vachel; Dreslerová, Dagmar; Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin; Moravcová, Alice; Kadlec, Martin; Nývlt, Daniel; Tinner, Willy; +5 Authors

Detecting ecological signatures of long-term human activity across an elevational gradient in the Šumava Mountains, Central Europe

Abstract

Central European mountains, including the Šumava Mountains located along the Czechia/Germany border, have a long and rich anthropogenic history. Yet, documenting prehistoric human impact in Central European mountain environments remains a challenge because of the need to disentangle climate and human-caused responses in terrestrial systems. Here, we present the first reconstructed water table depths (WTDs) from two sites, Pěkná and Blatenská slať, located in the Šumava Mountains. We compare these local WTD records with new and published pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), plant macrofossils, geochemistry and archaeological records to investigate how changes in local hydrology and human activities impacted forest succession and fire activity throughout the Holocene across an elevational gradient. Using a generalized additive model, our results suggest that changes in forest succession and fire activity have been primarily caused by climate throughout the Holocene. However, humans have been utilizing mountain environments and their resources continuously since ~4600 cal yr BP, thus playing a secondary role in modifying forest succession to increase resources beneficial to both humans and grazers. Over the last 1000 years, we provide evidence of directly observed human-caused modifications to the landscape. These results contribute to a growing body of literature illustrating human activities and landscape modifications in Central European mountains.

Countries
France, France, Norway
Keywords

570, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, human impact, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, peat bog, Generalized additive models, [SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, generalized additive models, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, water table depth, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society, Climate change, plant macrofossils, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Holocene, forestry, Human impact, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Fire, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, testate amoebae, Water table depth, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, climate change, pollen, Peat bog, Pollen, holocene, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, [SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Testate amoebae, Plant macrofossils, environment, fire

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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