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Bifacial CIGS solar cells grown by Low Temperature Pulsed Electron Deposition

Authors: Mazzer M; Rampino S; Spaggiari G; Annoni F; Bersani D; Bissoli F; Bronzoni M; +5 Authors

Bifacial CIGS solar cells grown by Low Temperature Pulsed Electron Deposition

Abstract

In this paper we report on the single stage deposition of CuInxGa1-xSe2 (CIGS)-based bifacial solar cells on glass coated with Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) or Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) by single-stage low-temperature (250 °C) pulsed electron deposition (LTPED). We show that the mechanism of Sodium incorporation during the low-temperature deposition of CIGS on both FTO and ITO leads to the formation of a stable n+/p+ ohmic tunnel junction and photovoltaic efficiencies exceeding 14% can be obtained without any intentional bandgap grading of CIGS. The significant degradation of the cell fill factor with decreasing CIGS thickness is found to be related to the presence of craters left behind by micro-fragments of CIGS target, which are weakly incorporated in the film during the LTPED growth and removed during the subsequent process steps. Evidence is also presented that the low-temperature deposition of CIGS on ITO leads to the formation of a Ga-rich CIGS layer at the interface and to an unintentional compositional grading propagating towards the active region of the solar cells. The defects associated with this grading may be responsible for the loss in FF and Voc with respect to the cells deposited on FTO and Mo back contacts.

Country
Italy
Keywords

Sustainability and the Environment, Bifacial solar cells, Optical and Magnetic Material, CIGS, Pulsed Electron Deposition, 620, Pulsed electron deposition, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Bifacial solar cell, TCO, Electronic, Renewable Energy

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    Top 10%
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    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
51
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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