The selective breeding of rodents on the basis of ethanol intake and preference has led to the development of lines of alcohol-preferring and non-preferring animals. The divergent degree of alcohol preference and consumption displayed by these lines of animals appears to be related, among other factors, to the genetic differences in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Moreover, in genetically unselected rats, a positive correlation has been found between alcohol preference and several amphetamine effects, including the stimulation of motor hyperactivity, thus suggesting the hypothesis that a common neural pathway might underlie some aspects in both of the amphetamine-induced hypermotility and alcohol preference. In the present study, we compared the motor-stimulating effect of amphetamine, which is mediated by the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and in the corpus striatum in two lines of rats selectively bred for high and low ethanol preference, the Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) and the Sardinian alcohol-non-preferring (sNP) rats, respectively. The results show that sP rats are less sensitive to the motor-stimulant effect of amphetamine with respect to sNP rats, thus suggesting a negative correlation between this behavioural response and alcohol preference. The present results might be explained by the previously reported reduced density of dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens of sP rats and are consistent with the view that alcohol preference is associated with a deficient dopaminergic transmission. Moreover, they are consistent with the hypothesis that alcohol preference and amphetamine motor effect share a common neural substrate and that hereditary factors determine individual variations in its sensitivity.