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Fuel Staging and Air Staging To Reduce Nitrogen Emission in the CFB Combustion of Bark and Coal

Authors: Leino; Timo; Saastamoinen, Heidi;

Fuel Staging and Air Staging To Reduce Nitrogen Emission in the CFB Combustion of Bark and Coal

Abstract

Nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) formation in the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion can be controlled by air staging and fuel staging. An extensive test campaign was carried out with a pilot-scale CFB test rig to observe the possibilities of the methods in the spruce bark and bituminous coal combustion as well as in co-combustion. Fuel staging with liquid petroleum gas (LPG) was done alternately from three locations with three intensities. Air staging was studied alone and during the fuel staging experiment. The experimental trends for NO and N2O emission formation during fuel staging and air staging are presented in this study. It was observed that air staging and fuel staging can have opposing effects on nitrogen oxide emission formation, and thus, when used together, a clear understanding of the fuel behavior and conditions, as well as NO x chemistry in the combustor, is needed. Under the tested conditions, it was observed that if air staging is effective, then fuel staging does not bring further benefits in the NO reduction. Instead, the LPG feed can increase the emission in the lack of oxygen. However, if it is not possible to carry out air staging, then fuel staging can be used in generating oxygen-lean reducing zones for NO. The N2O concentration was also further reduced with LPG in the tests with effective air staging.

Keywords

ta215, ta218

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
hybrid