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How Far Can Life Cycle Assessment Be Simplified? A Protocol to Generate Simple and Accurate Models for the Assessment of Energy Systems and Its Application to Heat Production from Enhanced Geothermal Systems

pmid: 33983016
Life cycle assessments (LCAs) quantify environmental impacts of systems and support decision-making processes. LCAs are however time-consuming and difficult to conduct for nonexperts, thus calling for simplified approaches for multicriteria environmental assessments. In this paper, a five-step protocol is presented to generate simplified arithmetic equations from a reference parametrized LCA model of an energy system and its application illustrated for an enhanced geothermal system for heat generation with very low direct emissions in continental Europe. The simplified models estimate seven environmental impacts (climate change, freshwater ecotoxicity, human health, minerals and metals, and fossil resources depletion, and acidification) based on six technological parameters: number of injection and production wells, power of the production and injection pump, average well length, thermal power output, and eight background parameters defining the European electricity mix. A global sensitivity analysis identified these parameters as influencing the variance of the environmental impacts the most. Ensuring the representativeness of the reference LCA model and the validity of the simplified models requires thorough assessment. This protocol allows to develop relevant alternatives to detailed LCAs for quick and multicriteria environmental impact assessments of energy systems, showing that LCAs can be simplified to system-specific equations based on few, easily quantified, parameters.
550, five-step protocol, resources depletion, Life Cycle Assessment, sensitivity analysis, Electricity, energy systems, Ecology, impact assessments, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Statistics, arithmetic equations, Thermogenesis, parameterized LCA, Accurate Models, Europe, climate change, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, geothermal heat, 690, Information Systems not elsewhere classified, Enhanced Geothermal Systems Life cy., reference parametrized LCA model, multicriteria, Environment, environmental impact, Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified, production wells, energy system, Genetics, heat generation, Animals, Humans, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, European electricity mix, reference LCA model, support decision-making processes, Life Cycle Stages, background parameters, Heat Production, power output, geothermal plant, global sensitivity analysis, models estimate, simplified models
550, five-step protocol, resources depletion, Life Cycle Assessment, sensitivity analysis, Electricity, energy systems, Ecology, impact assessments, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Statistics, arithmetic equations, Thermogenesis, parameterized LCA, Accurate Models, Europe, climate change, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, geothermal heat, 690, Information Systems not elsewhere classified, Enhanced Geothermal Systems Life cy., reference parametrized LCA model, multicriteria, Environment, environmental impact, Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified, production wells, energy system, Genetics, heat generation, Animals, Humans, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, European electricity mix, reference LCA model, support decision-making processes, Life Cycle Stages, background parameters, Heat Production, power output, geothermal plant, global sensitivity analysis, models estimate, simplified models
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