The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a promising power generation device, which has a much higher efficiency (80%) and a lower emission than conventional coal-fired power plants. In this study, different commercial carbon fuels including activated carbon (AC), carbon black (CB220 and CB660), and graphitic carbon (GC) were tested in DCFC at 600−800 °C. The relationship between the intrinsic properties of carbon fuels and their electrochemical performance in the DCFC was analyzed. It is found that a desirable carbon fuel for DCFC should have high mesoporous surface area and rich oxygen-containing surface groups. The anodic performance of the DCFC may also be improved by small carbon particle size, fast stirring rates, and high cell temperatures.