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Regiochemistry-Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance Enhancement in Ethylene Glycol-Functionalized Polythiophenes

Novel p-type semiconducting polymers that can facilitate ion penetration, and operate in accumulation mode are much desired in bioelectronics. Glycol side chains have proven to be an efficient method to increase bulk electrochemical doping and optimize aqueous swelling. One early polymer which exemplifies these design approaches was p(g2T-TT), employing a bithiophene-co-thienothiophene backbone with glycol side chains in the 3,3' positions of the bithiophene repeat unit. In this paper, the analogous regioisomeric polymer, namely pgBTTT, was synthesized by relocating the glycol side chains position on the bithiophene unit of p(g2T-TT) from the 3,3' to the 4,4' positions and compared with the original p(g2T-TT). By changing the regio-positioning of the side chains, the planarizing effects of the S-O interactions were redistributed along the backbone, and the influence on the polymer's microstructure organization was investigated using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. The newly designed pgBTTT exhibited lower backbone disorder, closer π-stacking, and higher scattering intensity in both the in-plane and out-of-plane GIWAXS measurements. The effect of the improved planarity of pgBTTT manifested as higher hole mobility (μ) of 3.44 ± 0.13 cm2 V-1 s-1. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was in agreement with the GIWAXS measurements and demonstrated, for the first time, that glycol side chains can also facilitate intermolecular interdigitation analogous to that of pBTTT. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation of energy (eQCM-D) measurements revealed that pgBTTT maintains a more rigid structure than p(g2T-TT) during doping, minimizing molecular packing disruption and maintaining higher hole mobility in operation mode.
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia
- Northwestern University United States
- University of Oxford United Kingdom
- University of Kentucky United States
- Northwestern State University United States
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, ion penetration, grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray, Polymers, Biophysics, STM, Molecular Conformation, Glycol side chains, hole mobility, Thiophenes, glycol side chains position, Biochemistry, side chains, Glycols, pgBTTT, Electrochemical quartz crystal micr., Space Science, increase bulk electrochemical doping, bithiophene unit, QD, backbone disorder, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Ethylene Glycol-Functionalized Poly., QH, accumulation mode, operation mode, 500, Stereoisomerism, Electrochemical Techniques, Ethylenes, out-of-plane GIWAXS measurements, design approaches, Mental Health, regioisomeric polymer, planarizing effects, Regiochemistry-Driven Organic Elect., GIWAXS measurements, Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified, thienothiophene backbone, Biotechnology, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, ion penetration, grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray, Polymers, Biophysics, STM, Molecular Conformation, Glycol side chains, hole mobility, Thiophenes, glycol side chains position, Biochemistry, side chains, Glycols, pgBTTT, Electrochemical quartz crystal micr., Space Science, increase bulk electrochemical doping, bithiophene unit, QD, backbone disorder, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Ethylene Glycol-Functionalized Poly., QH, accumulation mode, operation mode, 500, Stereoisomerism, Electrochemical Techniques, Ethylenes, out-of-plane GIWAXS measurements, design approaches, Mental Health, regioisomeric polymer, planarizing effects, Regiochemistry-Driven Organic Elect., GIWAXS measurements, Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified, thienothiophene backbone, Biotechnology, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
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