The results obtained at the All-Russia Scientific-Research Institute of Chemical Technology on the use of sorption processes in the hydrometallurgy of refractory metals and purposeful synthesis of the required ion-exchange materials are presented. It is shown on the basis of synthesized ionites that the ion-exchange technology is efficient for processing complex technological solutions for different types of polymetallic raw materials, including uranium ores, concentrates from enrichment of ores of refractory metals, commercial products, and waste solutions. The technological schemes developed have been successfully adopted on an industrial scale. 3 figures, 1 table, 12 references.