Streptomyces is a drought-tolerant bacterial genus in soils, which forms close associations with plants to provide host resilience to drought stress. Here we synthesize the emerging research that illuminates the multifaceted interactions of Streptomyces spp. in both plant and soil environments. It also explores the potential co-evolutionary relationship between plants and Streptomyces spp. to forge mutualistic relationships, providing drought tolerance to plants. We propose that further advancement in fundamental knowledge of eco-evolutionary interactions between plants and Streptomyces spp. is crucial and holds substantial promise for developing effective strategies to combat drought stress, ensuring sustainable agriculture and environmental sustainability in the face of climate change.