The adsorption and release of nitrogen oxide (NO) molecules at the surface of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, made by a template-free sol–gel process, has been studied. Fe3+ ions are found to be highly effective NO adsorption sites in Fe/TiO2. Up to [similar]89 μmol g−1 of the adsorbed NO can be released by exposure to trace amounts of H2O, which exceeds the water-induced release capacity of other NO storage materials by at least a factor of 2. The surprising efficiency of water as a trigger molecule for NO release is due to its large dipole moment, which causes a much stronger coordination to the Fe3+ species than is the case for NO. In addition, a new IR band at 1840 cm−1 has been found for Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles exposed to NO gas. This band is assigned to the stretch vibration of an NO species coordinatively bonded to an Fe3+ site. In contrast to Fe2+–NO vibrations in e.g.zeolites, Fe3+–NO vibrations are seldom observed, and this is the first time that convincing evidence is reported for the presence of Fe3+–NO in Fe/TiO2. The implications of these findings for the application of Fe-doped TiO2 as a novel NO storage and release material are briefly discussed