BTL-FT processes for hydrocarbon production from syngas obtained from biomass gasification are becoming increasingly trendy as suitable alternatives to produce various high quality fuels for different applications. Many investigations are ongoing to test the suitability of biomass syngas for FTS using the traditionally employed catalysts. The choice of catalysts for these processes is normally restricted to Fe and Co-based materials as they provide the best compromise between performance and price. In this perspective, we aim to provide a comparative overview of the performance between Fe and Co-based high performance FTS catalysts for hydrocarbon production via BTL-FTS processes.