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Spatially resolved studies of the phases and morphology of methylammonium and formamidinium lead tri-halide perovskites

Authors: Galkowski , K.; Mitioglu, A.A.; Surrente, A.; Yang, Z.; Maude, D.; Kossacki, P.; Eperon , G.; +5 Authors

Spatially resolved studies of the phases and morphology of methylammonium and formamidinium lead tri-halide perovskites

Abstract

The family of organic-inorganic tri-halide perovskites including MA (MethylAmmonium)PbI$_{3}$, MAPbI$_{3-x}$Cl$_{x}$, FA (FormAmidinium)PbI$_{3}$ and FAPbBr$_{3}$ are having a tremendous impact on the field of photovoltaic cells due to their ease of deposition and efficiencies, but device performance can be significanly affected by inhomogeneities. Here we report a study of temperature dependent micro-photoluminescence which shows a strong spatial inhomogeneity related to the presence of microcrystalline grains, which can be both light and dark. In all of the tri-iodide based materials there is evidence that the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition observed around 160K does not occur uniformly across the sample with domain formation related to the underlying microcrystallite grains, some of which remain in the high temperature, tetragonal, phase even at very low temperatures. At low temperature the tetragonal domains can be significantly influenced by local defects in the layers. In FAPbBr$_{3}$ a more macroscopic domain structure is observed with large numbers of grains forming phase correlated regions.

Main text + supplementary information

Countries
France, Moldova (Republic of), United Kingdom, Italy, Moldova (Republic of)
Keywords

energy conversion, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, photovoltaic cells, temperature, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Perovskites; spatial map; photoluminescence spectroscopy, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Journal Article, Photoelectrochemical cells, perovskite

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    Top 10%
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
42
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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bronze
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