In China, the proportion of coal in the energy structure is high, and the utilization of coal will cause carbon emission and environmental pollution. Therefore, the adjustment of energy structure and the utilization of new energy has become the focus of China's efforts to comprehensively promote the green development of energy. At present, developing nuclear power has become a key way to break through the bottleneck of new energy power supply and realize economic and ecological benefits. Based on the current situation and existing problems of China's nuclear power industry, this paper puts forward the challenges and measures for the future development of nuclear power.