The article is devoted to the study of gaps in terminology in the language pair English- Russian thematically belonging to the sphere of occupational safety and health which derive from the differences in understanding the key concepts in two linguocultures. The authors believe that slow development of international cooperation in the sphere of occupational safety prevents the sustainable development of global economy as it hampers the exchange of experience and working out a common policy in dealing with occupational safety-related issues. On the material of thematic glossaries, standards of occupational safety and health in two languages the authors develop concept fields spotting terminological gaps and substantiating the causes of their existence, among which linguocultural factors are of primary importance. Further analysis aimed at the development of a bilingual occupational safety and health glossary will allow finding the most productive ways of interpreting the key terms in the languages under study, which will be beneficial both for the promotion of international cooperation in the sphere of occupational safety and health and sustainable development of global economy.