SignificanceImpacts of a newly launched rural residential solid fuel substitution campaign in China’s Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area on energy, emission, air quality, and exposure reveal that abating solid fuels will significantly reduce ambient and indoor air pollution, resulting in major health benefits. The campaign will help accelerate China’s energy transition and reduce PM2.5emission and exposure. The expected exposure reduction is largely due to improved indoor air quality, resulting in greater benefits to women.