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Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
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A deep reinforcement learning approach for wind speed forecasting

Authors: Shahab S. Band; Ting Jia Lin; Sultan Noman Qasem; Rasoul Ameri; Danyal Shahmirzadi; Muhammad Shamrooz Aslam; Hao-Ting Pai; +2 Authors

A deep reinforcement learning approach for wind speed forecasting

Abstract

The conventional wind forecasting methods often struggle to handle the non-stationary and inconsistent wind patterns. This paper presents a hybrid method of Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for wind speed modeling to overcome the forecasting challenges. The EWT method transforms the original wind speed series into several independent modes and a residual series. In addition, the DRL method is utilised to optimise the weights associated with three distinct supervised deep learning models, i.e., Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks with LSTM (CNN-LSTM), and CNN with Gated Recurrent Units (CNN-GRU). The performance of the proposed EWT-DRL is evaluated against deep learning models, including LSTM, CNN-LSTM, CNN-GRU, and their coupling with EWT. The combination of EWT and the DRL (EWT-DRL) method achieves a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.151, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.060, a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.192, and a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9913. These results indicate the effectiveness of EWT-DRL in improving accuracy for wind speed modeling.

Keywords

Renewable energy, deep reinforcement learning, empirical wavelet transform, wind speed forecasting, TA1-2040, long short-term memory, artificial intelligence, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)

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