Purpose Waste generation poses a significant environmental challenge in the United Arab Emirates due to the rapid urbanization, population growth and industrialization witnessed in recent decades. As a result, there has been a substantial surge in waste production. To fulfil its sustainability and circular economy aspirations in various economic domains, the UAE must prioritize efficient waste management. The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental and energy efficiency of the UAE’s economic sectors particularly within its vital energy sectors, which encompass crude oil, natural gas and mining, manufacturing and electricity, by gauging their adherence to sustainability and circularity objectives. Design/methodology/approach The authors used the data envelopment analysis input–output model to identify sectors that exhibit strong performance as well as those that are falling behind. Findings Based on this study, the agriculture, the crude oil, natural gas and mining sectors and financial services and banking were found to be the most efficient. The results of this study concluded that the UAE is making progress toward achieving its sustainability and circularity objectives; however, the findings suggest that more effort is needed to fully realize these goals. Originality/value By identifying high-performing and underperforming sectors, decision-makers can prioritize efforts to enhance sustainability and circularity in area of greatest need in the economy.