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The Penetration of Renewable and Sustainable Energy in Asia: A State-of-the-Art Review on Net-Metering

اختراق الطاقة المتجددة والمستدامة في آسيا: مراجعة حديثة حول القياس الصافي
Authors: Waqas ur Rehman; Abdul Rauf Bhatti; Ahmed Bilal Awan; Intisar Ali Sajjad; Asad Ali Khan; Rui Bo; Shaikh Saaqib Haroon; +3 Authors

The Penetration of Renewable and Sustainable Energy in Asia: A State-of-the-Art Review on Net-Metering

Abstract

Les ressources énergétiques des combustibles fossiles conventionnels sont en train de s'épuiser considérablement ; ainsi, la transition actuelle vers les ressources énergétiques renouvelables (ER) est devenue impérative. Cependant, il existe de nombreux obstacles à l'adoption de la production d'énergie renouvelable. Ces obstacles peuvent être surmontés en adoptant des politiques visant à encourager l'acceptation des ressources énergétiques durables. Par exemple, la politique de comptage net peut fournir les incitations nécessaires pour promouvoir le développement de sources d'énergie distribuées locales, principalement des générateurs solaires photovoltaïques et éoliens. Bien qu'il y ait eu des progrès et des développements significatifs dans le mesurage net en Asie avec la pénétration accrue des énergies renouvelables, il y a actuellement un manque d'examen systématique dans ce domaine. Ce document vise à présenter un examen approfondi des avancées et des défis en matière de comptage net, des parts actuelles des énergies renouvelables et des objectifs futurs en matière d'énergies renouvelables dans la région asiatique. En outre, une étude de cas est réalisée et une analyse économique des réglementations de comptage net dans un pays asiatique est effectuée. Dans cette étude, les avantages monétaires des politiques de comptage net pour les consommateurs résidentiels sont prouvés. Il est envisagé que les informations recueillies dans cet article seront une source unique d'information précieuse pour les chercheurs asiatiques travaillant sur ce sujet.

Los recursos energéticos convencionales de combustibles fósiles se están agotando drásticamente; por lo tanto, el cambio actual hacia los recursos de energía renovable (RE) se ha vuelto imperativo. Sin embargo, existen muchos impedimentos para la adopción de la generación de energía renovable. Estos impedimentos se pueden superar mediante la promulgación de políticas para fomentar la aceptación de los recursos energéticos sostenibles. Por ejemplo, la política de medición neta puede proporcionar los incentivos necesarios para promover el desarrollo de fuentes de energía distribuidas locales, principalmente generadores solares fotovoltaicos y eólicos. Si bien ha habido un avance y desarrollo significativos en la medición neta en Asia con el aumento de la penetración de RE, en la actualidad existe una falta de revisión sistemática en esta área. Este documento tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión en profundidad de los avances y desafíos de la medición neta, las acciones actuales de RE y los objetivos futuros de RE en la región asiática. Además, se realiza un estudio de caso y un análisis económico de las regulaciones de medición neta en un país asiático. En este estudio, se prueban los beneficios monetarios de las políticas de medición neta para los consumidores residenciales. Se prevé que la información recopilada en este documento sea una valiosa fuente única de información para los investigadores asiáticos que trabajan en este tema.

Conventional fossil-fuel energy resources are being drastically depleted; thus, the current shift towards renewable energy (RE) resources has become imperative. However, there are many impediments to the adoption of renewable power generation. These impediments can be overcome by enacting policies to encourage the acceptance of sustainable energy resources. For instance, the net-metering policy can provide the necessary incentives to promote the development of local distributed energy sources, primarily solar photovoltaic and wind generators. While there has been significant advancement and development in net-metering in Asia with the increased penetration of RE, at present there is a lack of systematic review in this area. This paper aims to present an in-depth review on net-metering advances and challenges, current RE shares, and future RE targets in the Asian region. Additionally, a case study is performed and an economic analysis of net-metering regulations in an Asian country is carried out. In this study, the monetary benefits of net-metering policies for residential consumers are proved. It is envisaged that the information gathered in this paper will be a valuable one-stop source of information for Asian researchers working on this topic.

يجري استنزاف موارد الطاقة التقليدية للوقود الأحفوري بشكل كبير ؛ وبالتالي، أصبح التحول الحالي نحو موارد الطاقة المتجددة (RE) أمرًا حتميًا. ومع ذلك، هناك العديد من العوائق التي تحول دون اعتماد توليد الطاقة المتجددة. يمكن التغلب على هذه العوائق من خلال سن سياسات لتشجيع قبول موارد الطاقة المستدامة. على سبيل المثال، يمكن أن توفر سياسة القياس الصافي الحوافز اللازمة لتعزيز تطوير مصادر الطاقة الموزعة المحلية، وفي المقام الأول مولدات الطاقة الشمسية الكهروضوئية وطاقة الرياح. في حين كان هناك تقدم وتطور كبير في القياس الصافي في آسيا مع زيادة تغلغل الطاقة المتجددة، هناك في الوقت الحاضر نقص في المراجعة المنهجية في هذا المجال. تهدف هذه الورقة إلى تقديم مراجعة متعمقة حول التقدم والتحديات في مجال القياس الصافي، وأسهم الطاقة المتجددة الحالية، وأهداف الطاقة المتجددة المستقبلية في المنطقة الآسيوية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم إجراء دراسة حالة وإجراء تحليل اقتصادي للوائح القياس الصافي في بلد آسيوي. في هذه الدراسة، تم إثبات الفوائد النقدية لسياسات القياس الصافي للمستهلكين السكنيين. من المتصور أن تكون المعلومات التي تم جمعها في هذه الورقة مصدرًا قيّمًا للمعلومات للباحثين الآسيويين الذين يعملون في هذا الموضوع.

Keywords

Renewable energy shares, Renewable energy, Environmental economics, Economics, Renewable Energy Integration, FOS: Mechanical engineering, net-metering in Asia, Engineering, Natural resource economics, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Indoor Air Pollution in Developing Countries, Microeconomics, Business, Demand Response in Smart Grids, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photovoltaic system, Net metering, Pollution, Computer science, Mechanical engineering, net-metering policy, TK1-9971, Metering mode, Control and Systems Engineering, Electrical engineering, Physical Sciences, Environmental Science, Control and Synchronization in Microgrid Systems, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Distributed generation, renewable energy targets, Incentive

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
62
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 1%
gold