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Electric Water Heaters Management via Reinforcement Learning With Time-Delay in Isolated Microgrids

handle: 10871/126948
Isolated microgrids powered by renewable energy sources, battery storage, and backup diesel generators need appropriate demand response to utilize available energy and reduce diesel consumption efficiently. However, real-time demand-side management has become a significant challenge due to the communication time-delay issue. In this paper, a distributed model-free strategy is proposed to manage the demand of Electric Water Heater (EWH) units. The distributed artificial intelligence technology based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) is adopted to independently control the 150 EWHs using a virtual tariff. Two different strategies are proposed to generate the virtual tariff and they are compared to each other to investigate the impact of communication time-delay to the proposed RL algorithm in real-time control scenario. The first strategy is based on measuring the battery State of Charge (SOC) in real time while the second method is based on predicting the SOC 24-hours in advance using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results show that the communication time-delay greatly influences the convergence result of the first method while the second method showed high immunity. The results also show that the proposed algorithm reduces the use of energy consumption by an average of 8.91%(6.675kW) for each EWH, which symbolizes the viability of the proposed approach.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences China (People's Republic of)
- University of Exeter United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Sciences China (People's Republic of)
- Institute of Electrical Engineering China (People's Republic of)
- Florida Polytechnic University United States
reinforcement learning, Energy storage, time-delay, 620, 004, TK1-9971, 629, distributed control, electric water heaters, Q-learning, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
reinforcement learning, Energy storage, time-delay, 620, 004, TK1-9971, 629, distributed control, electric water heaters, Q-learning, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).10 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
