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Maximizing the feed-in of renewable energy into 110 kV distribution grids — a German case study

Authors: R. Dib; F. Wirtz; J. Scheel; Dirk Westermann;

Maximizing the feed-in of renewable energy into 110 kV distribution grids — a German case study

Abstract

In Germany, the Renewable Energy Act obliges power grid operators to connect renewable generation units to their grids, even when the transfer capacity is temporarily insufficient. During times of excessive renewable energy generation, the grid operator often has to reduce the feed-in of renewable generation units to preserve a secure system state. This paper assesses the potential of topology measures to maximize the feed-in of renewable generation units in a realistic 110 kV grid. In this context a new modeling strategy for switchgears in multiple-busbar stations is proposed, which overcomes the disadvantages of existing topology modeling strategies. The mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP) is solved by a novel binary Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The influence of different penalty function modeling strategies on the solution space is also analyzed. The results illustrate the performance and efficiency of the proposed method.

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average