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Small- and large-area CIGS modules by co-evaporation

Authors: H.-W. Schock; T. Martinsson; J. Skarp; Lars Stolt; K. Granath; J. Hedstrom; E. Niemi; +2 Authors

Small- and large-area CIGS modules by co-evaporation

Abstract

A system for large-area deposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ by co-evaporation has been built and taken into operation. The system is designed after a patented approach, to use the kind of in-line process we are using in our small-area research work. Small-area laboratory cells have been made from CuInSe/sub 2/ and Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ films fabricated by the in-line process reaching active area efficiencies as high as 15.4% (CuInSe/sub 2/) and 17.6% (Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/). Our Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ module technology is described and the best results are reported. Best obtained aperture area efficiency for small modules (15 cm/sup 2/) is 12.4% made on Cu(In,Ga)Se, films from our small-area deposition system. The large-area deposition system has produced CuInSe/sub 2/ from which small-area cells with conversion efficiencies of 8.3% have been obtained so far.

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Top 10%
Average