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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
Data sources: Crossref
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Inclusion of Field-Solver-Based Tower Footing Grounding Models in Electromagnetic Transient Programs

Authors: Bjorn Gustavsen; Andrzej Holdyk;

Inclusion of Field-Solver-Based Tower Footing Grounding Models in Electromagnetic Transient Programs

Abstract

This paper presents a new approach to wideband modeling of tower footing grounding impedances. Appropriate representation of transmission tower footing impedances is essential in electromagnetic (EM) transient simulations for proper evaluation of overvoltages and flashovers in the system during fast-front transient conditions such as lightning strikes. In this paper, a field solver is used to precisely model the most popular types of tower footing grounding systems, i.e., rods, counterpoises, and ring electrodes, for a variety of dimensions and soil parameters. Results are stored in a lookup table and used for generating frequency-dependent models that are exported to EM transient simulators. The table and model generation tool can be used by utility companies to model tower footings while taking into account local variations along the right-of-way, such as local variations in soil resistivity. The presented examples show close agreement of results of lightning studies using developed electrode models included in EM tools, e.g., PSCAD, EMTP-RV, and ATP-EMTP. A sensitivity study shows that the maximum voltage at the tower top during a direct lightning strike can be up to 19% higher when using the adopted modeling procedure, as compared to a standard approach of using a fixed resistor equal to the power frequency resistance.

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
8
Average
Top 10%
Average
bronze