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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2022
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
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How Many Grid-Forming Converters Do We Need? A Perspective From Small Signal Stability and Power Grid Strength

Authors: Huanhai Xin; Chenxi Liu; Xia Chen; Yuxuan Wang; Eduardo Prieto-Araujo; Linbin Huang;

How Many Grid-Forming Converters Do We Need? A Perspective From Small Signal Stability and Power Grid Strength

Abstract

Grid-forming (GFM) control has been considered a promising solution for accommodating large-scale power electronics converters into modern power grids thanks to its grid-friendly dynamics, in particular, voltage source behavior on the AC side. The voltage source behavior of GFM converters can provide voltage support for the power grid, and therefore enhance the power grid (voltage) strength. However, grid-following (GFL) converters can also perform constant AC voltage magnitude control by properly regulating their reactive current, which may also behave like a voltage source. Currently, it still remains unclear what are the essential differences between the voltage source behaviors of GFL and GFM converters, and which type of voltage source behavior can enhance the power grid strength. In this paper, we will demonstrate that only GFM converters can provide effective voltage source behavior and enhance the power grid strength in terms of small signal dynamics. Based on our analysis, we further study the problem of how to configure GFM converters in the grid and how many GFM converters we will need. We investigate how the capacity ratio between GFM and GFL converters affects the equivalent power grid strength and thus the small signal stability of the system. We give guidelines on how to choose this ratio to achieve a desired stability margin. We validate our analysis using high-fidelity simulations.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

:Enginyeria elèctrica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria elèctrica, Systems and Control (eess.SY), Short-circuit ratio, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Electric current converters, Grid-forming converters, Electric controllers, Grid strength, Voltage source behaviors, Reguladors elèctrics, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Small signal stability, Convertidors de corrent elèctric

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Top 10%
Average