Background: Most of the previously published data suggest a role for oxidative or nitrosative stress in ethanol‐induced nervous system damage. Moreover, ethanol is able to impair learning abilities in adult mammalian brain, a process suggested to be directly related to hippocampal neurogenesis. Ebselen, a synthetic compound with antioxidant properties, is able to prevent ethanol‐induced impairment of neurogenesis in adult rats. The aim of the present work was to further demonstrate the ability of ebselen to prevent biochemical alterations, and preserve long‐term potentiation (LTP) and learning abilities, in the hippocampus of chronic alcoholic adult rats.Methods: Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (glutathione and malondialdehyde) were assayed in hippocampi of control rats and animals fed a liquid alcoholic diet (Lieber‐De Carli) supplemented or not with ebselen. Long‐term potentiation and hippocampal‐dependent tests were studied in all animal groups.Results: The hippocampal concentrations of glutathione and malondialdehyde were decreased and increased, respectively, in alcohol‐treated animals, and did not differ from those of the control and the alcohol+ebselen groups. Long‐term potentiation in hippocampal slices from ethanol‐treated animals was prevented, when compared with controls, and occurred with a similar profile in control animals and in the alcohol+ebselen groups. Learning ability was tested with the Morris water maze test. Escape latencies were higher in ethanol‐treated rats than in control animals or the ones treated with ethanol+ebselen.Conclusions: The results herein strongly suggest that oxidative mechanisms may underlie the hippocampal effects of ethanol in adult rats, in view of the protective effect of ebselen.