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An Empirical Evaluation of Lightweight Random Walk Based Routing Protocol in Duty Cycle Aware Wireless Sensor Networks

تقييم تجريبي لبروتوكول التوجيه العشوائي خفيف الوزن القائم على المشي في شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية لدورة التشغيل
Authors: Adnan Noor Mian; Mehwish Fatima; Raees Khan; Ravi Prakash;

An Empirical Evaluation of Lightweight Random Walk Based Routing Protocol in Duty Cycle Aware Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Energy efficiency is an important design paradigm in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and its consumption in dynamic environment is even more critical. Duty cycling of sensor nodes is used to address the energy consumption problem. However, along with advantages, duty cycle aware networks introduce some complexities like synchronization and latency. Due to their inherent characteristics, many traditional routing protocols show low performance in densely deployed WSNs with duty cycle awareness, when sensor nodes are supposed to have high mobility. In this paper we first present a three messages exchange Lightweight Random Walk Routing (LRWR) protocol and then evaluate its performance in WSNs for routing low data rate packets. Through NS-2 based simulations, we examine the LRWR protocol by comparing it with DYMO, a widely used WSN protocol, in both static and dynamic environments with varying duty cycles, assuming the standard IEEE 802.15.4 in lower layers. Results for the three metrics, that is, reliability, end-to-end delay, and energy consumption, show that LRWR protocol outperforms DYMO in scalability, mobility, and robustness, showing this protocol as a suitable choice in low duty cycle and dense WSNs.

Keywords

Technology, Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Research, Computer Networks and Communications, Routing Protocols, Science, Wireless Energy Harvesting, Wireless Energy Harvesting and Information Transfer, Zone Routing Protocol, Database, Engineering, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dynamic Source Routing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Security in Wireless Networks, Duty cycle, Computer network, Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Applications, Network packet, T, Q, R, Scalability, Voltage, Computer science, Distributed computing, Routing protocol, Energy consumption, Electrical engineering, Computer Science, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Wireless Power Transfer, Wireless Routing Protocol, Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Technology, Wireless sensor network, Research Article

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