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Spread Spectrum Based Energy Efficient Collaborative Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks

انتشار الاتصالات التعاونية القائمة على الطيف الترددي الموفرة للطاقة في شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية
Authors: Anwar Ghani; Husnain Naqvi; Muhammad Sher; Muazzam A. Khan; Imran Khan; Azeem Irshad;

Spread Spectrum Based Energy Efficient Collaborative Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil se composent de dispositifs à ressources limitées. La plus cruciale de ces ressources est la durée de vie de la batterie, car dans la plupart des applications telles que la surveillance des champs de bataille ou des zones volcaniques, il est souvent impossible de remplacer ou de recharger la source d'alimentation. Cet article présente un système de communication collaborative économe en énergie basé sur l'étalement du spectre pour atteindre l'efficacité énergétique ainsi que l'immunité contre le brouillage, les interférences naturelles, la suppression du bruit et la réutilisation de la fréquence universelle. Les performances du système proposé sont évaluées à l'aide de la puissance du signal reçu, du taux d'erreur binaire (ber) et de la consommation d'énergie. Les résultats montrent une proportionnalité directe entre le gain de puissance et le nombre de nœuds collaboratifs ainsi que le BER et le rapport signal sur bruit (Eb/N0). Les résultats d'analyse et de simulation du système proposé sont comparés au système SISO. La comparaison révèle que SISO fonctionne mieux que la communication collaborative en cas de petites distances alors que la communication collaborative fonctionne mieux que SISO en cas de longues distances. Sur la base de ces résultats, il est sûr de conclure que la communication collaborative dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil utilisant des systèmes à large bande améliore la durée de vie des nœuds dans les réseaux, prolongeant ainsi la durée de vie du réseau.

Las redes de sensores inalámbricos consisten en dispositivos con recursos limitados. El más crucial de estos recursos es la duración de la batería, ya que en la mayoría de las aplicaciones como el campo de batalla o el monitoreo de áreas volcánicas, a menudo es imposible reemplazar o recargar la fuente de energía. Este artículo presenta un sistema de comunicación colaborativa de eficiencia energética basado en espectro ensanchado para lograr la eficiencia energética, así como la inmunidad contra interferencias, interferencias naturales, supresión de ruido y reutilización universal de frecuencias. El rendimiento del sistema propuesto se evalúa utilizando la potencia de la señal recibida, la tasa de error de bits (Ber) y el consumo de energía. Los resultados muestran una proporcionalidad directa entre la ganancia de potencia y el número de nodos colaborativos, así como la BER y la relación señal-ruido (Eb/N0). Los resultados analíticos y de simulación del sistema propuesto se comparan con el sistema SISO. La comparación revela que el SISO funciona mejor que la comunicación colaborativa en el caso de distancias pequeñas, mientras que la comunicación colaborativa funciona mejor que el SISO en el caso de distancias largas. Sobre la base de estos resultados, es seguro concluir que la comunicación colaborativa en redes de sensores inalámbricos que utilizan sistemas de banda ancha mejora la vida útil de los nodos en las redes, prolongando así la vida útil de la red.

Wireless sensor networks consist of resource limited devices. Most crucial of these resources is battery life, as in most applications like battle field or volcanic area monitoring, it is often impossible to replace or recharge the power source. This article presents an energy efficient collaborative communication system based on spread spectrum to achieve energy efficiency as well as immunity against jamming, natural interference, noise suppression and universal frequency reuse. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated using the received signal power, bit error rate (BER) and energy consumption. The results show a direct proportionality between the power gain and the number of collaborative nodes as well as BER and signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N0). The analytical and simulation results of the proposed system are compared with SISO system. The comparison reveals that SISO perform better than collaborative communication in case of small distances whereas collaborative communication performs better than SISO in case of long distances. On the basis of these results it is safe to conclude that collaborative communication in wireless sensor networks using wideband systems improves the life time of nodes in the networks thereby prolonging the network's life time.

تتكون شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية من أجهزة محدودة الموارد. وأهم هذه الموارد هو عمر البطارية، كما هو الحال في معظم التطبيقات مثل ميدان المعركة أو مراقبة المناطق البركانية، وغالبًا ما يكون من المستحيل استبدال مصدر الطاقة أو إعادة شحنه. تقدم هذه المقالة نظام اتصال تعاوني موفر للطاقة يعتمد على طيف الانتشار لتحقيق كفاءة الطاقة بالإضافة إلى المناعة ضد التشويش والتداخل الطبيعي وكبت الضوضاء وإعادة الاستخدام الشامل للتردد. يتم تقييم أداء النظام المقترح باستخدام طاقة الإشارة المستلمة ومعدل خطأ البت (BER) واستهلاك الطاقة. تظهر النتائج تناسبًا مباشرًا بين كسب الطاقة وعدد العقد التعاونية بالإضافة إلى نسبة BER ونسبة الإشارة إلى الضوضاء (Eb/N0). تتم مقارنة النتائج التحليلية والمحاكاة للنظام المقترح مع نظام SISO. تكشف المقارنة أن أداء SISO أفضل من التواصل التعاوني في حالة المسافات الصغيرة بينما يعمل التواصل التعاوني بشكل أفضل من SISO في حالة المسافات الطويلة. على أساس هذه النتائج، من الآمن أن نستنتج أن الاتصال التعاوني في شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية باستخدام أنظمة النطاق العريض يحسن من عمر العقد في الشبكات وبالتالي إطالة عمر الشبكة.

Keywords

Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Research, Spread spectrum, Computer Networks and Communications, Science, Energy-Efficient Protocols, Mobile Sensor Deployment, Wireless Mesh Networks, Real-time computing, Computer Communication Networks, Electric Power Supplies, Engineering, Cooperative Diversity in Wireless Networks, Efficient energy use, Communications system, Security in Wireless Networks, Computer network, Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Applications, Electronic engineering, Q, R, Models, Theoretical, Code division multiple access, Computer science, Bit error rate, Channel (broadcasting), Electrical engineering, Computer Science, Physical Sciences, Wireless, Telecommunications, Medicine, Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Technology, Wireless sensor network, Research Article

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
8
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold