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Intérêt des ressources agricoles et forestières pour la bioénergie. Innovations Agronomiques 54, 13-21

Authors: Brancourt, Maryse; Ferchaud, Fabien; Höfte, Herman; Bastien, Jean-Charles; Pilate, Gilles;

Intérêt des ressources agricoles et forestières pour la bioénergie. Innovations Agronomiques 54, 13-21

Abstract

L’utilisation des ressources lignocellulosiques comme source d’énergie renouvelable devra concilier rendement important, faible empreinte environnementale et composition adaptée à l’utilisation énergétique (combustion, méthanisation, carburants « deuxième génération »). Cet article présente une revue des performances de plusieurs cultures agricoles et forestières pour la production durable de biomasse. Au niveau agronomique, différentes cultures sont comparées pour la production de biomasse, l’exportation d’azote et le ratio azote/carbone, mais aussi pour les réductions de gaz à effet de serre engendrées et le « coût » que cela représente. Enfin, la production d’éthanol par hectare est illustrée et des perspectives d’amélioration génétique pour la bioénergie sont évoquées. Au niveau forestier, la production de biomasse nécessite des plantations à fortes densité, telles que les cultures de taillis à courte rotation (TCR) ou à très coute rotation (TTCR) et la futaie à courte révolution (FCR). La génétique offre d’importantes marges de progrès pour l’optimisation des rendements en TCR. Concernant les FCR, les scénarios dits « semi-dédiés biomasse » sont les plus prometteurs. Ainsi, les graminées C4 pérennes (miscanthus, switchgrass) et les cultures forestières en TCR ou FCR, sont des ressources très complémentaires pour la production durable de biomasse à vocation énergétique et font l’objet, pour plusieurs d’entre elles, d’amélioration génétique à l’INRA.

Lignocellulosic feedstocks for renewable energy need to reconcile high yield, a limited environmental footprint and a composition adapted to the industrial procedures for the production of heat and electricity, methane or second-generation transport fuels. This article will review the performance of several dedicated feedstocks for sustainable biomass production. At the agronomic level, feedstocks are compared for their biomass yield, nitrogen export and nitrogen/carbon ratios as well as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and corresponding costs. In addition, the productivity of ethanol per ha is illustrated and perspectives for genetic improvement are discussed. Concerning forestry crops, short and very short rotation coppice and “stored coppice” systems are presented including the considerable scope for further genetic improvement and the development of semi-dedicated feedstock strategies. In conclusion, perennial C4 grasses (miscanthus, switchgrass) and trees under a short rotation coppice regime are complementary bioenergy feedstocks and are the object of genetic improvement programs in INRA laboratories.

Country
France
Keywords

[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, ressource forestière, short rotation coppice, biomasse;cultures;forêts;bioénergie;amélioration génétique;bioenergy;feedstocks;short rotation coppice;sustainability;breeding, culture agricole, bioenergy, forest, agricultural resources, forêt, culture forestière, biomasse, feedstocks, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, forest resources, bioénergie, amélioration génétique, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, sustainability, cultures, taillis à courte rotation, Agricultural sciences, culture, production de biomasse, forêts, ressource agricole, breeding, Sciences agricoles, taillis à tres courte rotation

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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