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Article . 2021
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Tools for the Improvement of the Efficiency and Sustainability of Shore Nourishments – Results of the research project STENCIL

Authors: Staudt, Franziska; Wolbring, Johanna; Sch��renkamp, David; Bratz, Benedikt; Gijsman, Rik; Visscher, Jan; Zhang, Huichen; +10 Authors

Tools for the Improvement of the Efficiency and Sustainability of Shore Nourishments – Results of the research project STENCIL

Abstract

Seit mehreren Jahrzehnten werden weltweit Sandaufspülungen durchgeführt, die heute entsprechend zu den gängigen Küstenschutzmaßnahmen zählen. Der aktuelle Paradigmenwechsel, hin zu einem Integrierten Küstenzonenmanagement (IKZM) und einem „Ecosystem Approach to Management“ (EAM), erfordert jedoch neue Konzepte, Modelle und Werkzeuge, um Sandaufspülungen nachhaltiger und umweltfreundlicher umzusetzen als bisher. Mit dem interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekt STENCIL sollte ein erster Schritt in Richtung des langfristigen Ziels der Etablierung eines EAM für Sandaufspülungen geleistet werden. Durch die gemeinsame Expertise von Küsteningenieuren, Geologen und Ökologen lieferte das Projekt Werkzeuge und Methoden zur verbesserten Vorhersage der Hydro- und Morphodynamik an der Küste sowie zur Abschätzung der ökologischen Auswirkungen. Weiterhin entstanden wertvolle Datensätze aus Feldmessungen und Laborexperimenten sowie aus der Anwendung analytischer und numerischer Modelle. Dieser Artikel fasst die wesentlichen wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse des Projekts zusammen: die Anwendung Künstlicher Neuronaler Netzwerke (KNN), um Schwächen aktueller hydrodynamisch-numerischer Modelle auszugleichen; die Analyse und Interpretation langfristiger Strandprofildaten mit einer neuen datengetriebenen Methode, die eine bessere Bewertung der morphologischen Entwicklung von Strand- und Vorstrandaufspülungen erlaubt; die Verbesserung eines Sedimenttransportmodells für gemischte Sande, basierend auf einem einzigartigen großmaßstäblichen Modellversuch, der im Rahmen des Projekts im Großen Wellenkanal (GWK) durchgeführt wurde; eine Abschätzung der Auswirkungen von Sandentnahmen vor Sylt, auf Grundlage von sechs umfangreichen Messfahrten zu den Sandentnahmegebieten „Westerland II & III“; sowie die Anwendung hydrotoxikologischer Methoden zur Bestimmung des Einflusses von Sandentnahmen auf die chemisch-physikalischen Wasserqualitätsparameter und auf das öko¬toxikologische Potential. Diese interdisziplinären Projektergebnisse wurden mit einer umfangreichen Studie zum aktuellen Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik kombiniert und in einer SWOT-Analyse für Sandaufspülungen zusammengefasst, welche eine Entscheidungsunterstützung für die Praxis und eine Grundlage für zukünftige Forschungsprojekte darstellt.

Shore nourishments have been carried out worldwide for several decades and are nowadays seen as an almost routine coastal protection measure. However, the recent paradigm shift to an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and to an Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) requires new concepts, models and tools for the implementation of more sustainable and environmentally friendly shore nourishments. The interdisciplinary research project STENCIL aimed at making a first step towards the long-term goal of establishing an EAM for shore nourishments. Joining the expertise of coastal engineers, geologists and ecologists, the project has provided improved tools and methods for the prediction of coastal hydro- and morphodynamics and related ecological impacts. A combination of field measurements, laboratory experiments and analytical as well as numerical models has resulted in valuable new data sets. This paper summarizes the most important scientific outcomes of the project, like the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to overcome weaknesses of current hydrodynamic numerical modelling tools; the analysis and interpretation of long-term beach profile data using a newly developed data-driven methodology, allowing for a better assessment of the morphological development of beach and foreshore nourishments; the improvement of a sediment transport model for mixed sand based on a unique large-scale experiment in the Large Wave Flume (GWK) carried out within the project; an impact assessment of dredging activities around Sylt, based on six extensive survey cruises at the sand extraction sites “Westerland II & III”; and the application of the hydrotoxicology method for the same study site to determine the influence of sand extraction on chemical-physical water quality parameters and the ecotoxicological potential. These interdisciplinary project results were combined with a comprehensive state of the art review in a SWOT analysis for shore nourishments, which shall provide a tool for decision-makers and a basis for upcoming research projects addressing the identified knowledge gaps.

coastal protection, shore nourishment, coastal zone management, sustainability, environmental impacts, ecosystem approach

Küstenschutz, Sandaufspülung, Küstenzonenmanagement, Nachhaltigkeit, Umweltverträglichkeit, Ökosystemansatz

Country
Germany
Keywords

Meeresregionen, K��steningenieurwesen, coastal protection, Wasserbau (627), coastal zone management, sustainability, shore nourishment, Küsteningenieurwesen, Geowissenschaften (550), Ingenieurwissenschaften (620), FOS: Natural sciences

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green