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Ontwikkeling Standaard Stresstest Hitte

Development of a Standard Heat Stress Test
Authors: de Nijs, T.; Bosch, P.; Brand, E.; Heusinkveld, B.; van der Hoeven, F.; Jacobs, C.M.J.; Klok, L.; +6 Authors

Ontwikkeling Standaard Stresstest Hitte

Abstract

Door klimaatverandering stijgt de temperatuur, waardoor er meer hittegolven zijn met meer hete dagen en nachten. Alle overheden (gemeenten, provincies en waterschappen) in Nederland moeten daarom vóór 2020 knelpunten van wateroverlast, hitte, droogte en overstromingen in beeld brengen. Het RIVM doet een voorstel om deze ‘test voor hittestress’ te standaardiseren. Hiertoe is een leidraad opgesteld voor gemeenten waarmee zij 24 mogelijke risico’s in kaart kunnen brengen, verdeeld over vijf thema’s: gezondheid, netwerken, water, leefbaarheid en buitenruimte. Om de hittestress te beoordelen is een nieuwe methode ontwikkeld om hittekaarten te berekenen, met de gevoelstemperatuur als uitgangspunt. Met deze nieuwe methode kan de standaard hittekaart met gevoelstemperatuur op een hete dag berekend worden. Op dit moment zijn er veel hittekaarten beschikbaar die op uiteenlopende wijze de hitte in beeld brengen. In steden is het vaak warmer dan in landelijke gebieden, onder andere door het gebruik van donkere materialen zoals asfalt en door lagere windsnelheden (hitte-eiland). Bij de standaardberekening wordt rekening gehouden met verschillende weersomstandigheden en de plaatselijke ruimtelijke situatie, het landgebruik, en de ligging van gebouwen en bomen. De gestandaardiseerde kaarten zijn in dit onderzoek uitgewerkt voor de stad Wageningen. Om de stresstest beter toepasbaar te maken is het belangrijk dat de nieuwe hittekaarten op nationale schaal worden uitgewerkt en beschikbaar komen in de Klimaat Effect Atlas. In deze digitale atlas is nu al de kaart met het aantal warme nachten opgenomen. Langdurig aanhoudende hitte kan hinder veroorzaken, variërend van slecht slapen tot een levensbedreigende verstoring van lichamelijke functies zoals bij een zonnesteek. Als gevolg van hitte overlijden meer mensen dan ‘normaal’, vooral ouderen en mensen met een chronische aandoening als long- en hartklachten. Het RIVM beveelt aan deze gezondheidsrisico’s voor Nederland in beeld te brengen. Het gaat daarbij vooral om het aantal extra ziekenhuisopnamen als gevolg van de hitte en het aantal mensen dat extra overlijdt.

The temperature is rising due to climate change, resulting in more heat waves and more hot days and nights. All government agencies (municipalities, provincial governments and water boards) in the Netherlands must therefore identify the bottlenecks relating to flooding, heat, drought and floods before 2020. RIVM has proposed standardising the ‘test for heat stress’. To this end, a guideline has been drawn up for municipalities to enable them to list 24 possible risks, divided into 5 themes: health, networks, water, quality of life and outdoor space.A new method has been developed for calculating heat maps, with the wind chill temperature as starting point, that can be used to assess heat stress. Using this new method, the standard heat map, with wind chill temperature, can be calculated on a hot day.There are currently a lot of heat maps available, all showing the heat in different ways. Urban areas are often warmer than rural ones, partly because of the use of dark materials, such as asphalt, and lower wind speeds (heat island). The standard calculation takes into account various weather parameters, the local spatial situation, the land use and the location of buildings and trees. In this study, standardised maps have been developed for the city of Wageningen. For the stress test to become more applicable, it is important that new heat maps are developed on a national scale and made available in the Climate Effect Atlas. A map with the number of hot nights has already been included in this digital atlas.Prolonged periods of heat can cause nuisance, varying from a lack of sleep to a life-threatening disturbance of bodily functions, as is the case with sunstroke. More people die than ‘normal’ when it is very hot; the elderly and people with chronic disorders, such as pulmonary and cardiac complaints, are particularly vulnerable. RIVM recommends theidentification of these health risks for the Netherlands. The most important parameters are the number of additional hospitalisations resulting from the heat and the number of deaths in excess of the ‘normal’ numbers.

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, Climate Change and Adaptive Land and Water Management, Delta Plan on Spatial Adaptation (DPRA), hitte, Meteorology and Air Quality, Climate Change, klimaatadaptatie, RIVM briefrapport 2019-0008, climate adaptation, standardisation, heat map, Klimaatverandering en adaptief land- en watermanagement, Klimaatverandering, standaardisatie, nederland, stresstest, heat stress, standaardisering, hittebestendigheid, Deltaplan Ruimtelijke Adaptatie (DPRA), standardization, climatic change, WIMEK, Alterra - Klimaatverandering en adaptief land- en watermanagement, klimaatverandering, warmtestress, Climate Resilience, Klimaatbestendigheid, heat stability, stress test, hittekaart, hittestress, Alterra - Climate change and adaptive land and water management

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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