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Understanding the revised land use changes and greenhouse gas emissions induced by biofuels
Nous analysons deux résultats surprenants publiés par l’Agence Californienne d’Environnement qui a révisé ses estimations d’impacts environnementaux des biocarburants. D’une part, la réduction absolue des impacts du biodiesel issu du soja est nettement plus grande que la réduction absolue des impacts de l’éthanol issu du blé. D’autre part, les impacts du biodiesel européen à partir de colza sont le double des impacts du biodiesel américain à partir de la même graine. Nous trouvons que ces deux résultats surprenants s’expliquent majoritairement par les données initiales utilisées. Dans les deux cas, la sous-estimation des valeurs de production de tourteau biaise les résultats à la hausse. Nous rappelons en conclusion que la pertinence d’une analyse économique appliquée dépend de la qualité des données économiques utilisées. L’accent porté ces dernières années aux valeurs des élasticités prix n’est pas suffisante.
We analyze two puzzling results released by the California Air Resource Board who recently revises its land use changes and greenhouse gas emissions induced by biofuels. First the absolute reduction in the US average soya biodiesel estimate is much greater than the reduction in the US average corn ethanol one. Second the EU canola biodiesel estimate is twice the US canola biodiesel one. We find that these two puzzling results are mostly explained by some weak initial economic data. In both cases, the underestimation of the oilmeal production values biases upwards the carbon emission estimates. We then recall that any economic analysis is only worth the quality of the supporting data. The current focus on unobserved elasticity values to assess biofuel impacts is not sufficient.
model, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], modèle économique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], biofuel;land use changes;model;data, biofuels, models, data, biocarburant, biofuel, land use changes, changement d'affectation des sols, donnée, biofuels, land use changes, models, data, Land Economics/Use, jel: jel:C68, jel: jel:Q11, jel: jel:Q57
model, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], modèle économique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], biofuel;land use changes;model;data, biofuels, models, data, biocarburant, biofuel, land use changes, changement d'affectation des sols, donnée, biofuels, land use changes, models, data, Land Economics/Use, jel: jel:C68, jel: jel:Q11, jel: jel:Q57
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