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L'analyse du cycle de vie : un outil multicritères et quantitatif pour l'évaluation des impacts environnementaux

Authors: Arribas Merchan; Sandra Belboom; Angélique Léonard; Saïcha Gerbinet; Sylvie Groslambert;

L'analyse du cycle de vie : un outil multicritères et quantitatif pour l'évaluation des impacts environnementaux

Abstract

1. Introduction De nombreuses methodes ont vu le jour dans le but d’evaluer l’impact d’une activite ou d’un produit sur l’environnement. Certaines sont centrees sur les emissions de gaz a effet de serre comme Bilan Carbone® en France ou le Greenhouse Gas Protocol au niveau international. D’autres visent l’empreinte en eau comme Water Footprint. A cote de ces methodes quantitatives et mono-criteres, il existe des approches plus qualitatives, parmi lesquels l’affichage d’etiquettes energetiques ou de labels a caractere « ecologique ». Par rapport a ces approches, l’analyse du cycle vie (ACV) possede le double avantage d’etre quantitative et multicriteres, le potentiel de rechauffement climatique etant l’un des impacts evalues avec d’autres comme l’acidification, l’epuisement des ressources, l’utilisation d’eau, l’eutrophisation, la formation d’ozone photochimique, etc., … 2. Definition de l’analyse du cycle de vie L’analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) est une methode standardisee par les normes ISO 14040 et 14044 (ISO, 2006a, ISO, 2006b). Elle traite des aspects et des impacts environnementaux potentiels tout au long du cycle de vie d’un produit. Ce cycle demarre a l’acquisition des matieres premieres et se termine par la fin de vie en passant par les etapes de production, d’utilisation, de transport et de recyclage. Le terme « produit » peut definir a la fois un produit au sens physique mais egalement un procede ou un service. Cette methode peut etre appliquee du berceau a la tombe,

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold