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The Nexus among Civil Aviation, Energy Performance Efficiency and GDP in terms of Ecological Footprint: Evidence from France and Finland

The major goal of this research paper is to determine the long-run linkage among variables and the impact of civil aviation, energy productivity (efficiency), economic growth (GDP), on ecological footprint through conducting the multivariate regression method, Phillips‑Ouliaris and Engle‑Granger, Jarque – Bera Normality, and Cusum tests from 1970 to 2020. According to results of multivariate regression method, civil aviation, energy efficiency, and economic growth affect the ecological footprint from 1970 to 2020 in France which is coincide with Phillips‑Ouliaris and Engle‑Granger tests. On the contrary, there is no effect of independent variables on dependent variable (ecological footprint) in Finland which is consistent with Phillips‑Ouliaris and Engle‑Granger tests. In this respect, The long-run relation of the model is verified by the cointegration test of Engle-Granger and Phillips-Ouliaris for France. However, there is no long-run co-integration among variables for Finland from 1970-2020. To sum up, empirical results of France is verified EKC hypothesis. However, EKC hypothesis is not verified for Finland.
- Nişantaşı University Turkey
- Nişantaşı University Turkey
Economics and Econometrics, Economics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Social Sciences, Economic Impact of Environmental Policies and Resources, Health Effects of Air Pollution, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, Civil Aviation, Energy Efficiency, Economic Growth, Ecological Footprint, Multivariate Regression, Phillips‑Ouliaris, Engle‑Granger, Cusum Test, FOS: Economics and business, Engineering, Civil aviation, FOS: Mathematics, Ecological footprint, GE1-350, Econometrics, Embedded system, Biology, Cointegration, Ecology, Statistics, Multivariate statistics, Environmental sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Aerospace engineering, Sustainability, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Physical Sciences, Granger causality, HD9502-9502.5, Nexus (standard), Aviation, Economic Impacts of Air Transportation Systems, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Airport Efficiency, Regression analysis, Mathematics
Economics and Econometrics, Economics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Social Sciences, Economic Impact of Environmental Policies and Resources, Health Effects of Air Pollution, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, Civil Aviation, Energy Efficiency, Economic Growth, Ecological Footprint, Multivariate Regression, Phillips‑Ouliaris, Engle‑Granger, Cusum Test, FOS: Economics and business, Engineering, Civil aviation, FOS: Mathematics, Ecological footprint, GE1-350, Econometrics, Embedded system, Biology, Cointegration, Ecology, Statistics, Multivariate statistics, Environmental sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Aerospace engineering, Sustainability, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Physical Sciences, Granger causality, HD9502-9502.5, Nexus (standard), Aviation, Economic Impacts of Air Transportation Systems, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Airport Efficiency, Regression analysis, Mathematics
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