As the total mileage of natural gas pipeline network continues to increase, the topological structure of natural gas pipeline network will become more and more complex. The complicated topological structure of natural gas pipeline network is likely to cause inherent structural defects, which have serious impacts on the safe operation of natural gas pipeline network. At present, related researches mainly focused on the safe and reliable operation of natural gas pipeline network, which has become a research hotspot, but few of them considered the complexity of natural gas pipeline network and its potential impacts. In order to understand the complexity of natural gas pipeline network and its behaviors when facing structural changes, this paper studied the robustness of natural gas pipeline network based on complex network theory. This paper drew on the methods and experience of robustness researches in other related fields, and proposed a robustness evaluation method for natural gas pipeline network which is combined with its operation characteristics. The robustness evaluation method of natural gas pipeline network is helpful to identify the key components of the pipeline network and understand the response of the pipeline network to structural changes. Furthermore, it can provide a theoretical reference for the safe and stable operation of natural gas pipeline network. The evaluation results show that natural gas pipeline network shows strong robustness when faced with random disturbances represented by pipeline accidents or component failures caused by natural disasters, and when faced with targeted disturbances represented by terrorist disturbances, the robustness of natural gas pipeline network is very weak. Natural gas pipeline network behaves differently in the face of different types of random disturbances. Natural gas pipeline network is more robust when faced with component failures than pipeline accidents caused by natural disasters.