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Solar panels reduce both global warming and urban heat island

Solar panels reduce both global warming and urban heat island
The production of solar energy in cities is clearly a way to diminish our dependency to fossil fuels, and is a good way to mitigate global warming by lowering the emission of greenhouse gases. However, what are the impacts of solar panels locally ? To evaluate their influence on urban weather, it is necessary to parameterize their effects within the surface schemes that are coupled to atmospheric models. The present paper presents a way to implement solar panels in the Town Energy Balance scheme, taking account of the energy production (for thermal and photovoltaic panels), the impact on the building below and feedback towards the urban micro-climate through radiative and convective fluxes. A scenario of large but realistic deployment of solar panels on the Paris metropolitan area is then simulated. It is shown that solar panels, by shading the roofs, slightly increases the need for domestic heating (3%). In summer however, the solar panels reduce the energy needed for air-conditioning (by 12%) and also the Urban Heat Island (UHI): 0.2K by day and up to 0.3K at night. These impacts are larger than those found in previous works, because of the use of thermal panels (that are more efficient than photovoltaic panels) and the geographical position of Paris, which is relatively far from the sea. This means that it is not influenced by sea breezes, and hence that its UHI is stronger than for a coastal city of the same size. But this also means that local adaptation strategies aiming to decrease the UHI will have more potent effects. In summary, the deployment of solar panels is good both globally, to produce renewable energy (and hence to limit the warming of the climate) and locally, to decrease the UHI, especially in summer, when it can constitute a health threat.
- Institut National des Sciences de l Univers France
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique France
- Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers France
- Laboratoire de recherche en architecture de l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Toulouse France
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques/ Groupe d'études de l'atmosphère météorologique France
[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], CITIES, UHI, 910, SOLAR ENERGY, [PHYS] Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Solar Energy, Urban Heat Island, GE1-350, Cities, SOLAR PANEL, [PHYS]Physics [physics], ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, ILOT DE CHALEUR URBAIN, URBAN HEAT ISLAND, Solar Panels, REFLECTANCE, Environmental sciences, PANNEAUX SOLAIRES, adaptation to climate change
[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], CITIES, UHI, 910, SOLAR ENERGY, [PHYS] Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Solar Energy, Urban Heat Island, GE1-350, Cities, SOLAR PANEL, [PHYS]Physics [physics], ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, ILOT DE CHALEUR URBAIN, URBAN HEAT ISLAND, Solar Panels, REFLECTANCE, Environmental sciences, PANNEAUX SOLAIRES, adaptation to climate change
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