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Applied Sciences
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Applied Sciences
Article . 2023
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Synthesis of State/Output Feedback Event-Triggered Controllers for Load Frequency Regulation in Hybrid Wind–Diesel Power Systems

Authors: Mahmoud Abdelrahim; Dhafer Almakhles;

Synthesis of State/Output Feedback Event-Triggered Controllers for Load Frequency Regulation in Hybrid Wind–Diesel Power Systems

Abstract

Hybrid power systems based on renewable energy sources and diesel generators are efficient solutions for supplying electricity to remote and off-grid locations. One of the most crucial problems in hybrid power systems is frequency regulation, which is established by balancing the supplied power with the load demand using the load frequency control approach. Since most feedback signals are analog and the control setups are digital, the resulting control system is a sampled-data system, which requires careful designs for both the control law and the sampling frequency to guarantee closed-loop stability. This paper is concerned with the state-feedback load frequency regulation for hybrid wind–diesel power systems under event-triggered implementation. It is assumed that the full state measurement is available for feedback and that sensors and controllers communicate over a shared digital network. To mitigate the communication load on the network, an event-triggering mechanism is constructed by emulation, based on the time-regularization principle in the sense that each consecutive triggering instant is speared by a specified minimum dwell time. The closed-loop system is described as a hybrid dynamical system to account for mixed dynamical behaviors naturally arising in networked control systems. By means of appropriate Lyapunov functions, the closed-loop stability is ensured under the proposed triggering rule. Moreover, the enforced dwell time between transmissions ensures that the accumulation of sampling times is prevented, which is crucial for the event-triggering condition to be implementable in practice. The required conditions to apply this technique are derived in terms of a linear matrix inequality. Numerical simulations on an isolated hybrid power system were implemented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Comparative simulations with relevant techniques in the literature were carried out, which showed that the proposed approach can produce fewer transmission numbers over the network.

Keywords

Technology, QH301-705.5, T, Physics, QC1-999, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), renewable energy, event-triggered control; renewable energy; wind turbine; networked control systems, event-triggered control, wind turbine, Chemistry, TA1-2040, Biology (General), networked control systems, QD1-999

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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