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Integration of Electric Vehicles into the Power Distribution Network with a Modified Capacity Allocation Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/en10020200
The growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) represents an operational challenge to system operators, mainly at the distribution level by introducing congestion and voltage drop problems. To solve these potential problems, a two-level coordination approach is proposed in this study. An aggregation entity, i.e., an EV virtual power plant (EV-VPP), is used to facilitate the interaction between the distribution system operator (DSO) and EV owners considering the decentralized electricity market structure. In level I, to prevent the line congestion and voltage drop problems, the EV-VPP internally respects the line and voltage constraints when making optimal charging schedules. In level II, to avoid power transformer congestion problems, this paper investigates three different coordination mechanisms, or power transformer capacity allocation mechanisms, between the DSO and the EV-VPPs, considering the case of EVs charging and discharging. The three mechanisms include: (1) a market-based approach; (2) a pro-rata approach; and (3) a newly-proposed constrained market-based approach. A case study considering a 37-bus distribution network and high penetration of electric vehicles is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed coordination mechanism, comparing with the existing ones.
- Technical University of Denmark Denmark
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research Belgium
- Polytechnic Institute of Porto Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Porto Portugal
Technology, Electric vehicles, Operational challenges, SMART GRIDS, Network-constrained operation, Power distribution network, Power transformers, Decentralized electricity, ENERGY, Electric power plants, MICROGRIDS, RESOURCE, OPTIMIZATION, Virtual power plants, electric vehicles, Problem solving, Market-based approach, Electric power distribution, CONGESTION MANAGEMENT, T, Computer Science (all), ALGORITHMS, Commerce, Vehicles, coordination mechanisms, Distribution systems, virtual power plants, network-constrained operation, Coordination mechanisms, Traffic congestion, Electric Vehicles (EVs), SYSTEM, coordination mechanisms; electric vehicles; network-constrained operation; virtual power plants
Technology, Electric vehicles, Operational challenges, SMART GRIDS, Network-constrained operation, Power distribution network, Power transformers, Decentralized electricity, ENERGY, Electric power plants, MICROGRIDS, RESOURCE, OPTIMIZATION, Virtual power plants, electric vehicles, Problem solving, Market-based approach, Electric power distribution, CONGESTION MANAGEMENT, T, Computer Science (all), ALGORITHMS, Commerce, Vehicles, coordination mechanisms, Distribution systems, virtual power plants, network-constrained operation, Coordination mechanisms, Traffic congestion, Electric Vehicles (EVs), SYSTEM, coordination mechanisms; electric vehicles; network-constrained operation; virtual power plants
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).15 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
