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Impact of the Primary Break-Up Strategy on the Morphology of GDI Sprays in 3D-CFD Simulations of Multi-Hole Injectors

Authors: Simone Sparacino; Fabio Berni; Alessandro d’Adamo; Vesselin Krassimirov Krastev; Andrea Cavicchi; Lucio Postrioti;

Impact of the Primary Break-Up Strategy on the Morphology of GDI Sprays in 3D-CFD Simulations of Multi-Hole Injectors

Abstract

The scientific literature focusing on the numerical simulation of fuel sprays is rich in atomization and secondary break-up models. However, it is well known that the predictive capability of even the most diffused models is affected by the combination of injection parameters and operating conditions, especially backpressure. In this paper, an alternative atomization strategy is proposed for the 3D-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) sprays, aiming at extending simulation predictive capabilities over a wider range of operating conditions. In particular, attention is focused on the effects of back pressure, which has a remarkable impact on both the morphology and the sizing of GDI sprays. 3D-CFD Lagrangian simulations of two different multi-hole injectors are presented. The first injector is a 5-hole GDI prototype unit operated at ambient conditions. The second one is the well-known Spray G, characterized by a higher back pressure (up to 0.6 MPa). Numerical results are compared against experiments in terms of liquid penetration and Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) data of droplet sizing/velocity and imaging. CFD results are demonstrated to be highly sensitive to spray vessel pressure, mainly because of the atomization strategy. The proposed alternative approach proves to strongly reduce such dependency. Moreover, in order to further validate the alternative primary break-up strategy adopted for the initialization of the droplets, an internal nozzle flow simulation is carried out on the Spray G injector, able to provide information on the characteristic diameter of the liquid column exiting from the nozzle.

Keywords

3D-CFD simulation; GDI multi-hole injector; fuel spray; atomization; break-up; Lagrangian simulation; internal nozzle flow simulation, internal nozzle flow simulation, Technology, Lagrangian simulation, Settore ING-IND/08 - MACCHINE A FLUIDO, 3D-CFD simulation; Atomization; Break-up; Fuel spray; GDI multi-hole injector; Internal nozzle flow simulation; Lagrangian simulation, 3D-CFD simulation; GDI multi-hole injector; atomization; break-up; Lagrangian simulation; internal nozzle flow simulation, GDI multi-hole injector, T, 3D-CFD simulation, 621, fuel spray, 3D-CFD simulation; Atomization; Break-up; Fuel spray; GDI multi-hole injector; Internal nozzle flow simulation; Lagrangian simulation;, atomization, break-up

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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28
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