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Investigation into the Current State of Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Waste Management—A State-of-the-Art Review

doi: 10.3390/en15124275
Nuclear power can replace fossil fuels and will have a decisive impact on the change in the approach to conventional energy. However, nuclear (or radioactive) wastes are produced by the operation of the nuclear reactors should be safely and properly disposed of. This paper assesses the uranium resources and the global state of nuclear power plants and determines the energy mixes in different countries using the most nuclear energy. Furthermore, this paper analysed the nuclear waste management and disposal and the depletion of abiotic resources, and the primary energy sources of a basic production process using electricity mix and nuclear electricity for a basic production (PET bottle manufacturing) process. The life cycle assessment was completed by applying the GaBi 8.0 (version 10.6) software and the CML method. In this study, we limit our discussion to high-level nuclear waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) waste. We do not consider waste generated from uranium mining and milling, which is usually disposed of in near-surface impoundments close to the mine or the mill. The investigation of waste management methods is limited to European countries. This research work is relevant because determining abiotic resources is important in a life cycle assessment and current literature available on LCA analysis for nuclear powers remains under-developed. These results can guide and compare manufacturing processes involving a nuclear electricity and electricity grid mix input. The results of this research can be used to develop production processes using nuclear energy with lower abiotic depletion impacts. This research work facilitates the industry in making predictions for a production-scale plant using an LCA of production processes with nuclear energy consumption.
- University of Miskolc Hungary
- Silesian University of Technology Poland
- Silesian University of Technology Poland
- Politechnika Śląska w Gliwicach Poland
- University of Miskolc Hungary
nuclear waste, Technology, abiotic resource depletion, T, nuclear waste; spent nuclear fuel; waste management; life cycle assessment; abiotic resource depletion; electricity mix; nuclear energy, electricity mix, life cycle assessment, waste management, spent nuclear fuel
nuclear waste, Technology, abiotic resource depletion, T, nuclear waste; spent nuclear fuel; waste management; life cycle assessment; abiotic resource depletion; electricity mix; nuclear energy, electricity mix, life cycle assessment, waste management, spent nuclear fuel
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).69 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1%
