The influence of electromagnetic induction coil launcher (EICL) system parameters on the launch performance was analyzed, and a method for measuring the launch performance of an EICL system with a muzzle velocity and energy conversion efficiency was proposed. The EICL system mainly includes a pulse power supply and launcher. The parameters of the pulse power supply mainly include the discharge voltage and the capacitance value of the capacitor bank. The structural parameters of the launcher mainly include the bore size of the launcher, the air gap length between the armature and the drive coil, the length and width of the drive coil, and the trigger position of the armature. Change in single or multiple parameters in the launch system will influence the launch performance. The influence of single or multiple parameters on the launch performance was summarized, and the physical law as analyzed. The influence law of the EICL system parameters on the launch performance was obtained, which lays a theoretical foundation for the optimization design of EICL. Finally, experimental verification was carried out by a single-stage test platform.