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Energies
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Energies
Article . 2023
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Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy Based on Belt Drive System Characteristic Maps for P0 Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Authors: Shailesh Hegde; ANGELO BONFITTO; Renato Galluzzi; Luis Miguel Castellanos Molina; NICOLA AMATI; Tonoli Andrea;

Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy Based on Belt Drive System Characteristic Maps for P0 Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Abstract

A P0 system is used in hybrid automobiles to improve engine economy and performance. An essential element of the P0 system for effectively transmitting power to the drive train is the belt drive system (BDS). The features of electric machine (EM) and internal combustion engines (ICE) are taken into account by standard energy management systems, such as the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). In order to maximize the effectiveness of the P0 system, this work provides a novel formulation of the ECMS, which considers the power loss map of the BDS in addition to the characteristic maps of EM and ICE. A test bench is built up to characterize the BDS, and it is verified using an open-loop Hardware in the Loop (HIL) in the WLTP driving cycle. To find the most appropriate equivalence factors for the ECMS, which would ordinarily be tuned through trial and error, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used. With regard to the standard ECMS, the proposed methodology intends to reduce fuel usage and CO2 emissions. Two belts in BDS were tested in the WLTP to achieve CO2 savings of 1.1 and 0.9 [g/km], indicating the enhancement of system performance by using the BDS power loss maps in ECMS.

Country
Italy
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Keywords

Technology, T, equivalent consumption minimization strategy, HEV-P0, belt drive system characterization, genetic algorithm, equivalent consumption minimization strategy; belt drive system characterization; genetic algorithm; HEV-P0

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold